Terms of Use 

Back to Homepage

Acceptance of the Terms of Use

Welcome to www.courageforthesoul, the website of Courage for the Soul. The following terms and conditions, together with any documents they expressly incorporate by reference (collectively, these "Terms of Use"), govern your access to and use of www.courageforthesoul.com, including any content, functionality and services offered on or through www.courageforthesoul.com, (the "Website").

Please read the Terms of Use carefully before you start to use the Website. By using the Website or by clicking to accept or agree to the Terms of Use when this option is made available to you, you accept and agree to be bound and abide by these Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy, found at www.courageforthesoul/privacy-policy, incorporated herein by reference. If you do not want to agree to these Terms of Use or the Privacy Policy, you must not access or use the Website.

This Website is offered and available to users of all ages, but only with parental/ guardian consent to users who are under the age of 13. By using this Website, you represent and warrant that you are 13 or older, or have received parental/guardian consent, meeting all of the foregoing eligibility requirements. If you do not meet all of these requirements, you must not access or use the Website.

 

Changes to the Terms of Use

We may revise and update these Terms of Use from time to time at our sole discretion. All changes are effective immediately when we post them, and apply to all access to and use of the Website thereafter.

Your continued use of the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you accept and agree to the changes. You are expected to check this page periodically so you are aware of any changes, as they are binding on you.

 

Accessing the Website and Account Security

We reserve the right to withdraw or amend this Website, and any service or material we provide on the Website, at our sole discretion without notice. We will not be liable if for any reason all or any part of the Website is unavailable at any time or for any period. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the Website, or the entire Website, to users.

You are responsible for:

  • Making all arrangements necessary for you to have access to the Website.

  • Ensuring that all persons who access the Website through your internet connection are aware of these Terms of Use and comply with them.

To access the Website or some of the resources it offers, you may be asked to provide certain registration details or other information. It is a condition of your use of the Website that all the information you provide on the Website is correct, current and complete. You agree that all information you provide to register with this Website or otherwise, including but not limited to through the use of any interactive features on the Website, is governed by our Privacy Policy, and you consent to all actions we take with respect to your information consistent with our Privacy Policy.

 

Personal Health of Users

By using the Website you acknowledge that Courage for the Soul does not and will not provide any medical care, including, but not limited to medical aid and/or mental health care. Courage for the Soul is not and will not be engaged in diagnostics, nor giving of any medical or medically related advice or counsel. Resources may be available on the Website for those who desire to seek out, on their own, care beyond our realm of expertise. The Website may also document, chronicle, and share the experiences of individuals, including in the form of an article or interview. These experiences are solely the actions and opinions of third-parties, and are not intended as recommendations, referrals, advice, counsel, aid or to take the place of appropriate, professional personal health care. You understand and acknowledge that no information, resources, or material available on the Website is intended to take the place of proper professional health and wellness care and/or physical or mental health evaluation. You release Courage for the Soul, its interviewees and/or contributors, anyone associated with Courage for the Soul, its affiliates and/ or their licensors, service providers, employees, agents, officers, and/or directors, now and in the future, from any liability to your personal health and wellbeing.

IT IS SOLELY YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO SEEK OUT APPROPRIATE, PROFESSIONAL HEALTH CARE, AND YOU ACCEPT FULL LIABILITY FOR YOUR OWN ACTIONS.

 

Intellectual Property Rights

The Website and its entire contents, features and functionality (including but not limited to all information, software, text, displays, images, video and audio, and the design, selection and arrangement thereof), are owned by Courage for the Soul, its licensors or other providers of such material and are protected by United States and international copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret and other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws.

These Terms of Use permit you to use the Website for your personal, non- commercial use only. You must not reproduce, distribute, modify, create derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, republish, download, store or transmit any of the material on our Website, except as follows:

  • Your computer may temporarily store copies of such materials in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials.

  • You may store files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes.

  • You may print or download one copy of a reasonable number of pages of the Website for your own personal, non-commercial use and not for further reproduction, publication or distribution.

  • If we provide desktop, mobile or other applications for download, you may download a single copy to your computer or mobile device solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided you agree to be bound by our end user license agreement for such applications.

You must not:

  • Modify copies of any materials from this site.

  • Use any illustrations, photographs, video or audio sequences or any graphics separately from the accompanying text.

  • Delete or alter any copyright, trademark or other proprietary rights notices from copies of materials from this site.

You must not access or use for any commercial purposes any part of the Website or any services or materials available through the Website.

If you wish to make any use of material on the Website other than that set out in this section, please address your request to: info@courageforthesoul.com

If you print, copy, modify, download or otherwise use or provide any other person with access to any part of the Website in breach of the Terms of Use, your right to use the Website will cease immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made. No right, title or interest in or to the Website or any content on the Website is transferred to you, and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by Courage for the Soul. Any use of the Website not expressly permitted by these Terms of Use is a breach of these Terms of Use and may violate copyright, trademark and other laws.

 

Trademarks

The Courage for the Soul name, logo and all related names, product and service names, designs and slogans are trademarks of Courage for the Soul or its affiliates or licensors. You must not use such marks without the prior written permission of Courage for the Soul. All other names, logos, product and service names, designs and slogans on this Website are the trademarks of their respective owners.

 

Prohibited Uses

You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use. You agree not to use the Website:

  • In any way that violates any applicable federal, state, local or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the US or other countries).

  • For the purpose of exploiting, harming or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way by exposing them to inappropriate content, asking for personally identifiable information or otherwise.

  • To send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use or re-use any material which does not comply with the Content Standards (see below) set out in these Terms of Use.

  • To transmit, or procure the sending of, any advertising or promotional material without our prior written consent, including any "junk mail", "chain letter" or "spam" or any other similar solicitation.

  • To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using e-mail addresses, user or screen names associated with any of the foregoing).

  • To engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone's use or enjoyment of the Website, or which, as determined by us, may harm Courage for the Soul or users of the Website or expose them to liability.

Additionally, you agree not to:

  • Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party's use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real time activities through the Website.

  • Use any robot, spider or other automatic device, process or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website.

  • Use any manual process to monitor or copy any of the material on the Website or for any other unauthorized purpose without our prior written consent.

  • Use any device, software or routine that interferes with the proper working of the Website.

  • Introduce any viruses, trojan horses, worms, logic bombs or other material which is malicious or technologically harmful.

  • Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage or disrupt any parts of the Website, the server on which the Website is stored, or any server, computer or database connected to the Website.

  • Attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of- service attack.

  • Otherwise attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Website.

 

User Contributions

The Website may contain message boards, personal web pages or profiles, forums, bulletin boards, user-submitted creative galleries, and other interactive features (collectively, "Interactive Services") that allow users to post, submit, publish, display or transmit to other users or other persons (hereinafter, "post") content or materials (collectively, "User Contributions") on or through the Website.

All User Contributions must comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use. Not all submissions to Courage for the Soul will be featured or used by our organization.

Any User Contribution you post to the site will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. By providing any User Contribution on the Website, you grant us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors and assigns the worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free right to use, reproduce, modify, perform, display, distribute and otherwise disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose.

You represent and warrant that:

  • You own or control all rights in and to the User Contributions and have the right to grant the license granted above to us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors and assigns. You are solely and legally responsible for any and all submissions you make to People Hope.

  • All of your User Contributions do and will comply with these Terms of Use.

You understand and acknowledge that you are responsible for any User Contributions you submit or contribute, and you, not Courage for the Soul, have full responsibility for such content, including its legality, reliability, accuracy and appropriateness. By submitting any User Contributions to Courage for the Soul, you acknowledge that the entire submission is your original work and intellectual property. Under no circumstances is Courage for the Soul and/or its sponsors or affiliates liable in any way for the publication and/or usage of any User Contributions that have been submitted without compliance to these Terms of Use.

We are not responsible, or liable to any third party, for the content or accuracy of any User Contributions posted by you or any other user of the Website.

 

Monitoring and Enforcement; Termination

We have the right to:

  • Remove or refuse to post any User Contributions for any or no reason at our sole discretion.

  • Take any action with respect to any User Contribution that we deem necessary or appropriate at our sole discretion, including if we believe that such User Contribution violates the Terms of Use, including the Content Standards, infringes any intellectual property right or other right of any person or entity, threatens the personal safety of users of the Website or the public or could create liability for Courage for the Soul.

  • Disclose your identity or other information about you to any third party who claims that material posted by you violates their rights, including their intellectual property rights or their right to privacy.

  • Take appropriate legal action, including without limitation, referral to law enforcement, for any illegal or unauthorized use of the Website.

  • Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use.

Without limiting the foregoing, we have the right to fully cooperate with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing us to disclose the identity or other information of anyone posting any materials on or through the Website. YOU WAIVE AND HOLD HARMLESS PEOPLE HOPE AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSEES AND SERVICE PROVIDERS FROM ANY CLAIMS RESULTING FROM ANY ACTION TAKEN BY PEOPLE HOPE/ANY OF THE FOREGOING PARTIES DURING OR AS A RESULT OF ITS INVESTIGATIONS AND FROM ANY ACTIONS TAKEN AS A CONSEQUENCE OF INVESTIGATIONS BY EITHER PEOPLE HOPE/ SUCH PARTIES OR LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES.

However, we cannot review all material before it is posted on the Website, and cannot ensure prompt removal of objectionable material after it has been posted.

Accordingly, we assume no liability for any action or inaction regarding transmissions, communications or content provided by any user or third party. We have no liability or responsibility to anyone for performance or nonperformance of the activities described in this section.

 

Content Standards

These content standards apply to any and all User Contributions and use of Interactive Services. User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local and international laws and regulations. Without limiting the foregoing, User Contributions must not:

  • Contain any material which is defamatory, obscene, indecent, abusive, offensive, harassing, violent, hateful, inflammatory or otherwise objectionable.

  • Promote sexually explicit or pornographic material, violence, or discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation or age.

  • Infringe any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright or other intellectual property or other rights of any other person.

  • Violate the legal rights (including the rights of publicity and privacy) of others or contain any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under applicable laws or regulations or that otherwise may be in conflict with these Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy.

  • Be likely to deceive any person.

  • Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote or assist any unlawful act.

  • Impersonate any person, or misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person or organization.

  • Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes and other sales promotions, barter or advertising.

  • Give the impression that they emanate from or are endorsed by us or any other person or entity, if this is not the case.

 

Reliance on Information Posted

The information presented on or through the Website is made available solely for general information purposes. We do not warrant the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of this information. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk. We disclaim all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on such materials by you or any other visitor to the Website, or by anyone who may be informed of any of its contents.

This Website may include content provided by third parties, including materials provided by other users (such as User Contributions) and third-party licensors, syndicators, aggregators and/or reporting services. All statements and/or opinions expressed in these materials, and all articles and responses to questions and other content, other than the content provided by Courage for the Soul, are solely the opinions and the responsibility of the person or entity providing those materials. These materials do not necessarily reflect the opinion of Courage for the Soul. We are not responsible, or liable to you or any third party, for the content or accuracy of any materials provided by any third parties.

 

Changes to the Website

We may update the content on this Website from time to time, but its content is not necessarily complete or up-to-date. Any of the material on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material.

 

Information About You and Your Visits to the Website

All information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy. By using the Website, you consent to all actions taken by us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy.

 

Linking to the Website and Social Media Features

You may link to our homepage, provided you do so in a way that is fair and legal and does not damage our reputation or take advantage of it, but you must not establish a

link in such a way as to suggest any form of association, approval or endorsement on our part without our express written consent.

This Website may provide certain social media features that enable you to:

  • Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website.

  • Send e-mails or other communications with certain content, or links to certain content, on this Website.

  • Cause limited portions of content on this Website to be displayed or appear to be displayed on your own or certain third-party websites.

You may use these features solely as they are provided by us, solely with respect to the content they are displayed with and otherwise in accordance with any additional terms and conditions we provide with respect to such features. Subject to the foregoing, you must not:

  • Establish a link from any website that is not owned by you.

  • Cause the Website or portions of it to be displayed, or appear to be displayed by, for example, framing, deep linking or in-line linking, on any other site.

  • Link to any part of the Website other than the homepage.

  • Otherwise take any action with respect to the materials on this Website that is inconsistent with any other provision of these Terms of Use.

The website from which you are linking, or on which you make certain content accessible, must comply in all respects with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use.

You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to cease. We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice.

We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion.

 

Links from the Website

If the Website contains links to other sites and resources provided by third parties, these links are provided for your convenience only. This includes links contained in advertisements, including banner advertisements and sponsored links. We have no control over the contents of those sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. If you decide to access any of the third party websites linked to this Website, you do so entirely at your own risk and subject to the terms and conditions of use for such websites.

 

Geographic Restrictions

The owner of the Website is based in the state of Illinois in the United States.

If you access the Website from outside the United States, you do so on your own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws.

 

Refund Policy

All financial donations made to Courage for the Soul are considered non-refundable. Should a donation be made in error by a donor, it is the responsibility of the donor to contact Courage for the Soul immediately within a 24 hour period from said donation, after which a financial refund will be considered.  Eligibility for refund consideration must include the following information:

  • An account of the error and reason for requesting a refund.

  • Enough personal information to allow Courage for the Soul to contact you, including donor name, address, phone number, and email address.

  • A statement that all of the above information is accurate.

  • A statement to legally verify, under penalty of law, that you are the donor of the requested refund amount.

Your request for refund must be signed, either physically or electronically, and must contain a subject line stating: “REFUND REQUEST.” All requests should be sent to courageforthesoul.com

 

Sales Policy

All information provided at the time of purchase, including but not limited to shipping address, billing information, sizes and quantities of purchased stock, are the sole responsibility of the buyer. Inaccurate shipping addresses or other information given may result in products that are not received, are received in error, or are not received at the desired location. As the seller of any products, Courage for the Soul uses the buyer-provided information to charge purchases and deliver the products purchased. Purchases made with inaccurately provided information are the sole error of the buyer and will not be considered refundable by Courage for the Soul. The buyer, not Courage for the Soul, will be solely liable for the action of any and all online purchases. Purchases made specifically with inaccurately provided shipping addresses are the sole error of the buyer and will not be considered refundable by Courage for the Soul after the time of shipment, but may be considered for refund prior to shipment, at the sole discretion of Courage for the Soul. Should a purchase be made in error or with erroneous information by a buyer, it is the responsibility of the buyer to contact Courage for the Soul immediately upon realization of misinformation. Upon contact, if the product has not yet been shipped, Courage for the Soul will try to correct the buyer-provided incorrect information prior to shipment, but may be unable to do so. If, upon contact, the product has already been shipped, Courage for hte Soul will have no further responsibility and is no longer liable for the delivery. 

Your notification and request of corrected information (including but not limited to inaccurate shipping address), should be sent to courageforthesoul.com. Email request must be signed, either physically or electronically, and must include the following information:

  • An account of the error and clear statement of inaccurate information previously provided.

  • A clear representation of the accurate information being provided for update.

  • Enough personal information to allow Courage for the Soul to contact you, including name, address, phone number, and email address.

 

Disclaimer of Warranties

You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. You are responsible for implementing sufficient procedures and checkpoints to satisfy your particular requirements for anti-virus protection and accuracy of data input and output, and for maintaining a means external to our site for any reconstruction of any lost data. WE WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED BY A DISTRIBUTED DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACK, VIRUSES OR OTHER TECHNOLOGICALLY HARMFUL MATERIAL THAT MAY INFECT YOUR COMPUTER EQUIPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DATA OR OTHER PROPRIETARY MATERIAL DUE TO YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE OR TO YOUR DOWNLOADING OF ANY MATERIAL POSTED ON IT, OR ON ANY WEBSITE LINKED TO IT.

YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. NEITHER PEOPLE HOPE NOR ANY PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH COURAGE FOR THE SOUL MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPLETENESS, SECURITY, RELIABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY OR AVAILABILITY OF THE WEBSITE. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NEITHER COURAGE FOR THE SOUL NOR ANYONE ASSOCIATED WITH COURAGE FOR THE SOUL REPRESENTS OR WARRANTS THAT THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, ERROR-FREE OR UNINTERRUPTED, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, THAT OUR SITE OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS OR THAT THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL OTHERWISE MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS.

COURAGE FOR THE SOUL HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON- INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY WARRANTIES WHICH CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.

 

Limitation on Liability

IN NO EVENT WILL COURAGE FOR THE SOUL, ITS AFFILIATES OR THEIR LICENSORS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OFFICERS OR DIRECTORS BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH YOUR USE, OR INABILITY TO USE, THE WEBSITE, ANY WEBSITES LINKED TO IT, ANY CONTENT ON THE WEBSITE OR SUCH OTHER WEBSITES OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE OR SUCH OTHER WEBSITES, INCLUDING ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PERSONAL INJURY, PAIN AND SUFFERING, EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF DATA, AND WHETHER CAUSED BY TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), BREACH OF CONTRACT OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF FORESEEABLE.

THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY LIABILITY WHICH CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW.

 

Indemnification

You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Courage for the Soul, its affiliates, licensors and service providers, and its and their respective officers, directors, employees, contractors, agents, licensors, suppliers, successors and assigns from and against any claims, liabilities, damages, judgments, awards, losses, costs, expenses or fees (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or relating to your violation of these Terms of Use or your use of the Website, including, but not limited to, your User Contributions, any use of the Website's content, services and products other than as expressly authorized in these Terms of Use or your use of any information obtained from the Website.

 

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

All matters relating to the Website and these Terms of Use and any dispute or claim arising therefrom or related thereto (in each case, including non-contractual disputes or claims), shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Illinois without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Illinois or any other jurisdiction).

Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of, or related to, these Terms of Use or the Website shall be instituted exclusively in the federal courts of the United States or the courts of the State of Illinois although we retain the right to bring any suit, action or proceeding against you for breach of these Terms of Use in your country of residence or any other relevant country. You waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to venue in such courts.

 

Limitation on Time to File Claims

ANY CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM YOU MAY HAVE ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THESE TERMS OF USE OR THE WEBSITE MUST BE COMMENCED WITHIN ONE (1) YEAR AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES, OTHERWISE, SUCH CAUSE OF ACTION OR CLAIM IS PERMANENTLY BARRED.

 

Waiver and Severability

No waiver by Courage for the Soul of any term or condition set forth in these Terms of Use shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or condition or a waiver of any other term or condition, and any failure of People Hope to assert a right or provision under these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.

If any provision of these Terms of Use is held by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason, such provision shall be eliminated or limited to the minimum extent such that the remaining provisions of the Terms of Use will continue in full force and effect.

 

Entire Agreement

The Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy constitute the sole and entire agreement between you and Courage for the Soul with respect to the Website and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to the Website.

 Your Comments and Concerns

This website is operated by Courage for the Soul.

Courage for the Soul
P. O. Box 440165
Chicago, IL 60644 

All feedback, comments, requests for technical support and other communications relating to the Website should be directed to: courageforhesoul.com

 Thank you for visiting the Website.

Last updated: July 20, 2018